In unilateral nephrectomy combined with STZ-induced DKD rat models, acteoside further demonstrates its renoprotective effects by suppressing the expression of pyroptosis markers, including NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β, via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway [128, 129]. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and diabetic kidney disease.