XIAP and lymphoma: ASM-generated ceramide in IL-2 deprivation induces apoptosis in NK/T lymphoma cells via a novel apoptotic pathway where ceramide activates cathepsin B in lysosomes, leading to the degradation of x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), which subsequently facilitates the nuclear translocation of cleaved caspase-3 [137] (Fig. 2).