AHR and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Phloroglucinol tempers macrophage responses to pathogens, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated signaling.16 Similarly, DAT demonstrates anti-inflammatory efficacy in metabolic disorders, attenuating high-fat diet-induced obesity and DSS-induced colitis by maintaining mucosal barrier integrity and reducing systemic inflammation through type I interferon (IFN)-dependent mechanisms.17 These findings emphasize phenolic microbial metabolites from dietary sources act as critical mediators of immune homeostasis.