GSDMD and inflammatory bowel disease: NR4A1, a pivotal nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member, acts as a dual-functional transcriptional regulator in response to extracellular stress.49,50 A recent study suggested that NR4A1 becomes activated by detrimental stimuli or mitochondrial DNA, triggering NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in macrophages.38 However, the potential interplay between GSDMD and NR4A1 and their collective influence on the inflammatory cascade in IBD remains undetermined.