TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: This longitudinal observational study, a sub-study of a previous RCT, investigated the prognostic potential of a panel of novel biomarkers, including inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17 A, INF-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, TGF-β1), alongside conventional biomarkers such as CRP and WBC levels, measured preoperatively and on postoperative day 6, for predicting POCs following CRC resection.