VEGFA and neoplasm: Integrated PET-IVIM MRI has been leveraged to evaluate phenomena such as lymphovascular space invasion,9 lymph node metastasis,10 as well as the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)11, while also facilitating tumor response assessment and recurrence prediction12,13.