Therefore, this present study aimed to elucidate the role of TNF-α in shaping the inflammatory microenvironment of BPH and its regulatory influence on SOX4 expression, as well as to further explore the therapeutic potential of Met in ameliorating BPH through SOX4 inhibition, thereby offering new mechanistic insights into BPH pathogenesis and intervention. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.