Midkine (MK), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), chemokine (C–C motif) ligand (CCL), granulin precursor (GRN), major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), and oncostatin M (OSM) exhibited a significant rise in their information flow only in GBM (Fig. 3j, k). This evidence concerns the gene GRN and glioblastoma.