Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of tumor sections revealed that the combination of Rot and ASNase dramatically downregulated N-cadherin and Snail levels and largely boosted E-cadherin levels in the primary tumors, with the R2×-MAHAs showing the highest efficiency (Fig. 4h, i and Supplementary Fig. 28). Here, CDH1 is linked to neoplasm.