HOXB-AS3 and myelodysplastic syndrome: Other leukaemia associated genes were expressed by cells within clusters that had expanded during disease progression, for example HOXB-AS3 (Fig. 7F), a gene encoding a long non-coding RNA shown to be an adverse prognostic marker for AML and MDS57, CD93 (Fig. 7F), a marker associated with proliferative leukaemic stem cells58 and genes associated with angiogenesis and therapy resistance (RAMP2, CALCRL)59,60, angiogenesis and poor prognosis in MDS (FLT1, KDR)61,62 (Supplementary Fig. 8D).