In addition to SEB, many other to physical and chemical agents, such as ionising radiation, etoposide, epirubicin37, cepharanthine38, xanthohumol39 and cladribine40, can cause chromosomal DNA fragmentation, which can lead to the development of a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infertility, immunodeficiencies or microcephaly37. The gene discussed is SETBP1; the disease is immunodeficiency disease.