ICAM1 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: Experimental studies have indicated that GLP-1RA (liraglutide) treatment in mice with endotoxemia increases survival and decreases inflammatory markers (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 or CCL2), TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase or iNOS, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 or ICAM-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 or VCAM-1) in leukocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular dysfunction [51,52].