The GLP-1 (exenatide, a GLP-1 analogue)/GLP-1R interaction in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) decreases ROS generation and their apoptosis under high glucose and homocysteine-induced oxidative stress/endothelial dysfunction to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect and in coronary ECs of patients with T2DM (figure 3) [205,206]. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and endothelial dysfunction.