The assessment of several specific alterations, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF), rearranged during transfection (RET), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET), receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2/HER2), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), neuregulin (NRG1), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and neuro- trophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) genes, are now recommended in all patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma.