TGFB1 and neoplasm: Subtype analysis based on these 11 MMCGs showed that patients in cluster 1 had a poorer prognosis than those in cluster II. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of these subtypes indicated that pathways such as TGF-BETA signalling, PI3K AKT MTOR signalling, peroxisome function, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and bile acid metabolism were downregulated in cluster I, all of which are associated with tumour progression [42–47].