TGF-β1 was found to play a protective role in 76% of ischemic stroke studies but was only protective in 33% of hemorrhagic stroke studies, with likely involvement in fibrosis development in the latter.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings suggest a marked difference in TGF-β1 function between these types of stroke, and it is hypothesized that blood cytotoxicity following hemorrhagic stroke may generate more sustained TGF-β1 expression than that seen in ischemic stroke. Here, TGFB1 is linked to hemorrhagic stroke.