TGFB1 and neoplasm: Via tumor transcriptome studies, we observed that the immunosuppressive pathways (TGF-β, fibrosis, EMT, TAM2-mediated immunosuppression) that were induced in 4T1 tumors after treatment with the combination of chemotherapies were downregulated by the addition of anti–TGF-β, while at the same time there was an increase in the expression of inhibitory checkpoint genes, indicative of T lymphocyte activation (Figure 6A).