For instance, patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) harbor aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies, which can trigger immune-mediated neuroinflammatory responses, causing damage to the optic nerve and the spinal cord extensively (including demyelination of nerve fibers and axonal injury), leading to VI and sensory abnormalities in extensive body regions (including pain) (9–11). This evidence concerns the gene AQP4 and neuromyelitis optica.