Notably, Macro_SPP1 cells upregulated the lipid metabolism-related genes (e.g., PPARG, CD36, FABP5, LIPA, SREBF1, and SOAT1) in COPD airways, suggesting that they may undergo lipid metabolic reprogramming to drive their phenotypic and functional alterations. This evidence concerns the gene SREBF1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.