Additionally, HCQ significantly reduced circulating anti-dsDNA antibody (p<0.0001), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) (p<0.0041), and total IgG levels (p=0.0003), a hallmark of lupus, at 6 months post-PIL induction (Figure 1C, Supplementary Figure S1A). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA2 and systemic lupus erythematosus.