FOS and infection: In line with a previous report (20, 62, 63), our findings suggest that PEDV may exploit kinase-dependent pathways, such as MAPK/AP-1 and JNK/p38, via TRAF2, TRAF6, and TBK1 to enhance viral replication during the acute phase of infection in weaned piglets, whereas such modulation was absent in newborn piglets.