FSHR and Alzheimer disease: Xiong et al. (2022) demonstrated that FSH increased the expression of IL-1β (1.4-fold, p < 0.001) and IL-6 (1.75-fold, p < 0.001) in human primary neuronal cells, along with elevated levels of APP and Tau. FSHR knockdown reduced the expression of these inflammatory markers, suggesting that FSH promotes neuroinflammation and exacerbates AD pathology (Xiong et al., 2022).