Our univariate analysis of hemodialysis cohorts revealed eight clinically significant HF correlates, including advanced age, extended dialysis duration, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, smoking history, higher HbA1c, and elevated CRP, collectively implicating senescence, underlying diseases, inflammatory responses, and metabolic disorders as central drivers of HF pathogenesis, which is consistent with previous findings (27, 28). Here, CRP is linked to metabolic disease.