Similarly, the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) cell atlas indicated that SPLUNC1 (BPIFA1) was most highly expressed in MUC5AC-positive/goblet cells and was also expressed, albeit to a lesser extent, in club, ciliated and basal cells [https://www.ipfcellatlas.com/]. This evidence concerns the gene MUC5AC and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.