This association suggests that differential expression of LEF1 isoforms in COPD patients may perturb canonical WNT signaling and lymphopoiesis, consequently altering immune response (Feder et al, 2020; Cadigan and Waterman, 2012; Söderholm and Cantù, 2021; Hoppler and Kavanagh, 2007). Here, LEF1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.