In humanized mouse models, the MHC class II molecule HLA-DRB1*15:01 is associated with less effective control of EBV infection12, and CD4+ T cells activated during EBV infection recognize EBV-transformed B cells in an HLA-DRB1*15:01-restricted manner, exhibiting a higher propensity for cross-reactivity with myelin autoantigens. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DRB1 and Epstein-Barr virus infection.