PRKAA1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: This downregulation results in the subsequent activation of the mTORC1-S6 pathway, promoting the proliferation and survival of PASMCs.252 These findings suggest that enhancing AMPK activity could mitigate the detrimental effects of mTOR signaling, offering a potential therapeutic benefit in PAH by reducing PASMC proliferation and promoting apoptosis.