NFKB1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Paeoniflorin increases BMPR2 in MCT-PAH rats and reduces the phosphorylation of TAK1 in vivo.414 This action suppresses the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting that Paeoniflorin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for PH.414 Moreover, inhibitors targeting molecules upstream of the MAPK pathway may similarly alleviate PH.