TNF and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Anti-TNF immunotherapy reverses disease progression, highlighting a potential therapeutic strategy for restoring normal BMP/Notch signaling and mitigating PAH.238 In PH, neointima formation involves a Notch3-marked subset of SMCs and inhibition of the Notch signaling has been shown to improve inflammation-driven mPAP.239 However, it is crucial to recognize that distinct effects arise when inhibiting different components of the Notch pathway in PH.