In a study involving rats with MCT-PAH, it was shown that the increased expression of EndMT-associated molecules, including N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, and Slug, was partially attributed to the activation of the NF-κB pathway.216 In the lungs of MCT-PAH rats and during TGF-β1-induced EndMT in human PAECs, the level of phosphorylated IκBα increases while the overall IκBα content decreases. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.