Dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers, such as nifedipine, exacerbate mPAP in IPAH patients by potentiating CaSR activity in PASMCs, independent of their effects on Ca2+ channels.483 This suggests that targeting CaSR could potentially provide a more effective therapeutic strategy by avoiding the adverse effects of these blockers in IPAH patients, who often have upregulated CaSR activity. This evidence concerns the gene CASR and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.