Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis dysfunction and metabolic disturbances, such as hyperandrogenemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated absolute levels of circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) and its relationship to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and chronic anovulation. This evidence concerns the gene PLOD1 and polycystic ovary syndrome.