By suppressing the NF-κB pathway, 3-HPPA provides additional evidence for the health benefits of dietary flavonoids and their microbial metabolites as potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis.[31] Thioproline, a sulfur-containing amino acid derived from the reaction between cysteine and formaldehyde, offers a variety of potential health benefits within the human body. Here, NFKB1 is linked to atherosclerosis.