Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of BD, with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha being observed in patients with BD, particularly during manic episodes.[12,13] These inflammatory markers are thought to play a critical role in the neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to mood episodes, cognitive dysfunction, and other symptoms of BD. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Behcet disease.