ALB and diabetes mellitus: Univariate analysis identified multiple variables associated with H. pylori seropositivity (S2 Table), including demographic factors (age, education level, family income), lifestyle markers (BMI, smoking, alcohol use), clinical conditions (diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke), serum albumin, and dietary components (caloric intake, carbohydrates, vitamins B1/B6/A/E, niacin, folate, B12, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, sodium, potassium, and supplement use).