The expression levels and distribution of B7-H4 (VTCN1), PD-L1 (CD274), CD4 (CD4), and CD8 (CD8A) were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) analysis of the HNSCCs, adjacent normal mucosa (NOM), and squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (SIN). The gene discussed is VTCN1; the disease is squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia.