The increase in NR0B2 and FGF19 expression and the significant reduction in SLC10A2 expression in hCE cells suggest that toxins initiate the SHP/FGF19 partnership to reduce influx of BAs into the cells by repressing SLC10A2 expression and may explain increased concentrations of TCA in the intestinal lumen in early infection. This evidence concerns the gene FGF19 and infection.