TNF and bacterial infectious disease: Additionally, leukocytes serve as the first line of defense against pathogens and regulate subsequent stages of wound repair by releasing chemotactic factors, cytokines (such as TNF‐α, IL‐1, and IL‐6), and growth factors (including TGF‐α/β and IGF‐1).[51, 52, 53] Subsequently, in the gcFGF8a treated group, fibroblasts enriched at the wound site, promoting collagen deposition and initiating tissue formation and remodeling.[54] Moreover, gcFGF8a reduced the bacterial load of Aeromonas at the wound site, aiding in defense against bacterial infection.