KRAS and neoplasm: To investigate the efficacy of the combination of KRAS ASO and immRNA in RBCEVs in an immunocompetent mouse model harboring a KRAS-mutated “cold” tumor, we obtained a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) with Kras G12D and p53 conditional mutations, known as KrasLSL-G12D/+;p53fl/fl (KP) mice from the Jackson Lab. We generated NSCLC in KP mice by infecting them with Cre recombinase-expressing lentivirus (Lenti-Cre) via intratracheal administration, leading to recombination and activation of the Kras mutant gene (Figure 4A & S11A) 34.