NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: The most prevalent mutations, NPM1 and FLT3-ITD, are present in 40%–50% and 30%–40% of AML cases in this patient group, respectively.66,67 Mutational characteristics of leukemic cells were unavailable in the 0201 phase III trial; however, posthoc analyses showed pronounced efficacy among younger patients (<60 years) with AML of normal karyotype.18,68 In these patients, treatment entailed significantly improved LFS (HR 0.40, p = 0.006, HDC/IL-2 vs control) and OS (HR 0.43, p = 0.04; Table 1).