FOXO1 and diabetes mellitus: To determine if OC induces shuttling of FOXO1 between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments in the human islet, and to support cell-line evidence provided above, isolated islets from high BMI donors (BMI ≥30 mg/kg2), two without diabetes and two with diabetes (Table 1) were cultured with and without OC (4.5 ng/ml) for 7 days, then transplanted into mice for 4 weeks ± OC pumps.