There was a higher proportion of nuclear FOXO1, and lower proportion of nuclear PDX1, in PBS-treated, islet donor samples with T2DM than in high BMI samples, whilst OC exposure effected a greater statistical change versus PBS treatment relative to high BMI islet donor samples as well, particularly in the proportional change of nuclear PDX1 (Fig. 5A, D). Here, FOXO1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.