STAT1 and psoriasis: In psoriasis research, the research by Gao et al. found that ergothioneine (EGT) modulates macrophage polarization and ameliorates psoriasis by regulating the NF-κB/JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway: EGT downregulates the M1 marker CD86 and upregulates the M2 marker CD206 (Li A. et al., 2025).Metabolomic studies reveal that fructose, a typical ketohexose, suppresses STAT1 activation and blocks M1 macrophage polarization by reducing cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels through a non-canonical metabolic pathway (Yan et al., 2024).