MFN2-mediated remodeling of endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts regulates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and induces cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations that further drive osteoclastogenesis (Ballard et al., 2020).Clinical studies have shown that the extent of mitochondrial damage in osteoblasts from osteomyelitis patients correlates with an increased RANKL/OPG ratio, which directly determines the balance between bone resorption and formation (Granata et al., 2022; Ferver et al., 2021). The gene discussed is TNFSF11; the disease is osteomyelitis.