DUOX2 and colitis: Comprehensive analyses of gene expression profiles in UC patients have confirmed that DUOX2 holds significant diagnostic and predictive value for mild to moderate UC, DUOX2 is a multifunctional enzyme that primarily participates in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and local immune defense, playing a significant role in immune responses and local cell signaling (38), it is a key enzyme in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the human colon, and its expression increases in active colitis as a response to inflammation (39).