TP53 and acute myeloid leukemia: In addition, some studies have found that drug-resistant AML cells may resist the induction of apoptosis by Ara-C by upregulating certain genes associated with cell cycle arrest, such as TP53 (Bruserud et al., 2024, Holtan et al., 2023, Pei et al., 2020, Selheim et al., 2024).