TNF and goiter: Kunbu and Haizao are specific auxiliary components in XYSJW, and these two traditional Chinese medicines have a history of treating goiter that can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty’s specialized book on surgical medicine, “Wai Ke Zheng Zong.” Components in kunbu, such as squalene, δ-tocopherol, and phytol, alleviate inflammatory responses by inhibiting the release of proinflammatory factors like NO, PGE2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α from LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages (Shao, 2024).