TGFB1 and cancer: Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a member of the versatile TGF‐β family of cytokines, which play important roles in regulating a wide range of essential activities, including cellular differentiation, development, invasion, motility, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and immune responses [9]; it has other activities beyond regulating the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis of cancer cells.