Progression to severe malaria cases can occur when the innateimmuneresponse is insufficient to eliminate the parasite, requiring theadaptive immune system to act as a defense and to modulate inflammationto prevent excessive host injury.,,−,  An intense inflammatory response,marked by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), inhibits red blood cellproduction and promotes precursor apoptosis, thereby worsening anemia.,, Conversely, the adaptive immuneresponse in controlling parasitemia can lead to excessive red bloodcell removal, further destroying uninfected erythrocytes. Here, IFNG is linked to anemia (phenotype).