Nevertheless, while suchexposures are key to immune maturation, they may also incur hematologicalcosts, particularly in children, including anemia resulting from cumulativered blood cell loss and inflammation-induced disruption of erythropoiesis.,−, , ,  In this study, we used the PvMSP119 antigento assess adaptive immunity by measuring the level of IFN-γproduction in CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells duringacute infection and convalescence. Here, CD4 is linked to anemia (phenotype).