Plasmodiumvivax (P. vivax) canlead to severe hematological complications,including anemia and thrombocytopenia, which may require hospitalization.This prospective observational study investigated the adaptive immuneresponse in pediatric P. vivax malaria,focusing on sustained IFN-γ production in CD4+ andCD8+ memory T cells as markers of immune protection. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is anemia (phenotype).