In a study assessing melanoma and NSCLC, both tumors with high immune infiltration, researchers found that non-mature CD1c+ CD14- cDC2s could be directed towards DC3s (CD1c+ CD14+ cDC2s) through tumor-derived IL-6 and M-CSF (CSF1) [83]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.