Modulating microglial function through colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors, such as PLX3397, has been shown to shift microglia toward a homeostatic phenotype, reducing neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in preclinical models (Dagher et al., 2015; Son et al., 2020; Sosna et al., 2018). The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is Mental deterioration.