TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Recent research has validated that TBI can trigger ALS-related TDP-43 pathological alterations in mouse models, possibly due to TBI-induced inflammation promoting NF-κB-mediated TDP-43 overexpression (McKee et al., 2009; McKee et al., 2013; Wiesner et al., 2018; Gao et al., 2022).