Research has shown that certain functional foods, such as astragalus polysaccharides, can mitigate refractory osteoporosis by reducing osteocalcin and TNF-α levels, likely through modulation of five key bacterial species (uncultured_bacterium_f_Ruminococcaceae, Alloprevotella, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Blautia, and Lactobacillus) (34). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and osteoporosis.