Insulin resistance can increase circulating glucose levels, a phenomenon that leads to a compensatory increase in insulin production in pancreatic β-cells, which in turn leads to hyperinsulinemia and a vicious cycle that further increases insulin resistance (Petersen and Shulman, 2018; Samuel and Shulman, 2012; Samuel and Shulman, 2016). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.