Multi-omics analyses have shown that patients with higher plasma TMAO in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) respond better to immunotherapy, with TMAO being more abundant in tumors with an activated immune microenvironment.115 Inosine also enhances ICB therapeutic efficacy by promoting IFN-γ-producing Th1/CD8+ effector T cells.57 Here, CD8A is linked to triple-negative breast carcinoma.