In a phase‐2 trial involving extremely preterm infants (delivered < 28 weeks), systemic IGF‐1/IGFBP‐3 therapy led to a decrease in the occurrence of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and a non‐significant decrease in moderate‐to‐severe intraventricular hemorrhage.46 This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.