An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) further demonstrated that the cGAMP-siPDL1@GalNPs significantly triggered the highest expression levels of other immune factors, including IFN-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, in the B16F10 melanoma tumors and serum (Fig. 5, G and H). Here, TNF is linked to melanoma.