Previous studies have shown that this distance is crucial for the formation of a stable IS between T cells and tumor cells, which enhances T-cell activation and promotes tumor cell apoptosis by excluding the inhibitory phosphatase CD45 or CD148 (Calzada-Fraile et al., 2023; Chakraborty and Weiss, 2014; Li et al., 2017; Xiao et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene PTPRJ and neoplasm.